Travel Through the Fairytale Castles of Greece!
Greece is known for its ancient civilizations. Rich in philosophy, music, literature and science, the Ancient Greeks are also known for their incredible structures. From the ancient worlds to newer constructions, there are around 800 castles dotted across the mainland and the islands. The Venetians, Ottomans and Byzantines built many castles along the shores of the Mediterranean, often as a defense against frequent pirate raids between the 14th and 15th centuries.
As well as stand-alone castles, Greece has fortresses and walled cities. Although there are many castles still standing in all their glory, a large number are in ruins. Whether visiting a remarkably well preserved Greek castle or exploring the archeological site of its ruins, these Greek defensive structures are a marvel to see. So here are 20 castles in Greece to get you started.
The ancient fortress of Fyli, located on the slopes of Mount Parnitha, was a strategic stronghold of classical Athens. Built in the 4th century BCE, it controlled key mountain passes leading to the city and offered natural protection thanks to its elevated position. Fyli is historically significant as the base from which Thrasybulus and the Athenian democrats launched their campaign to overthrow the Thirty Tyrants in 403 BCE. Today, its well-preserved walls and towers remain a testament to Athenian military engineering, and the site offers peaceful surroundings and sweeping views of Attica.
The Castle of Mystras crowns the top of a steep hill near Sparta and forms the heart of the medieval fortified town that flourished beneath it. Founded in 1249 by the Franks, it soon passed to the Byzantines and developed into a major cultural and political center, especially during the late Byzantine period. The castle, along with the palaces, monasteries, and churches of the lower town, reflects the grandeur of a city once known as the “Byzantine Pompeii.” Today, Mystras is a UNESCO World Heritage Site where visitors can walk through atmospheric ruins, admire exquisite frescoes, and appreciate the dramatic landscape of the Taygetos Mountains.
The Palamidi Fortress dominates the hill above Nafplio and is one of the finest examples of Venetian military architecture in Greece. Built in the early 18th century during the second Venetian occupation, it consists of eight interconnected bastions designed for strong defensive control. The fortress played a key role during the Greek War of Independence and famously served as the prison of Theodoros Kolokotronis. Today, visitors can reach it either by road or by climbing its famed staircase—said to have nearly 1,000 steps—and enjoy expansive views over Nafplio and the Argolic Gulf.
The White Tower of Thessaloniki is one of the city’s most recognizable monuments and a symbol of its long, multicultural history. Constructed in the 15th century by the Ottomans, it formed part of Thessaloniki’s coastal defenses and later served various roles, including a notorious prison. Its distinctive cylindrical structure, topped with a battlemented terrace, dominates the waterfront promenade.
Today, the tower operates as a museum that traces the historical evolution of Thessaloniki—from its ancient foundations and Byzantine prominence to its Ottoman period and modern identity. Visitors can explore interactive exhibits inside and enjoy sweeping views of the Thermaic Gulf from the rooftop. Blending history, architecture, and scenic beauty, the White Tower remains an essential landmark for understanding the city’s heritage.
The Old Fortress of Corfu (Palaio Frourio) stands on a rocky peninsula at the edge of the old town and is one of the most impressive examples of Venetian military architecture in Greece. Originally fortified by the Byzantines, it was substantially expanded and reshaped by the Venetians in the 16th century to defend the island against Ottoman attacks. Surrounded by a seawater moat known as the “Contrafossa,” the fortress was considered nearly impregnable and played a decisive role in several historic sieges. Within its massive walls, visitors can explore winding passages, barracks, chapels, and ramparts. From the summit, the views over Corfu town, the Ionian Sea, and the coastline are striking. Today, the Old Fortress serves not only as a monument to the island’s layered history but also as a cultural venue hosting exhibitions and events.
